Transposition of the EU Pay Transparency Directive Across the 27 Member States — Status as of 1 June 2026 and Implications for Bulgarian Employers

Published: 30 April 2026 | Last updated: 1 June 2026

Less than a week remains to the 7 June 2026 transposition deadline, and as of 1 June 2026 no Member State has yet brought full nationwide transposition into force of Directive (EU) 2023/970 on pay transparency. Over the past weeks, however, the pace has sharpened: Lithuania adopted its act in May 2026, Italy published its final text on 1 June 2026 (entering into force on 7 June), and Slovakia remains the first adopter. The most significant development for the Bulgarian reader is that Bulgaria has now published a draft transposition, targeting the 7 June 2026 deadline. This article offers a comparative review of the status across all 27 Member States, systematises the main types of gold-plating, and explains what the uneven European landscape means for Bulgarian employers and for multinational groups operating across more than one market.

TL;DR: As of 1 June 2026, 3 Member States have adopted an act (Slovakia, Lithuania, Italy — the latter with a final text entering into force on 7 June); 4 Member States have partial transposition in force (Belgium, Czech Republic, Malta, Poland); 7 Member States have a published draft (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands); 12 Member States still have no published draft (Austria, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain); Sweden withdrew its draft on 26 March 2026 and seeks renegotiation at EU level. Gold-plating is confirmed or signalled in 8 jurisdictions (Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland). Bulgaria’s draft is framed as a minimum implementation, yet in several respects it is more onerous than the Directive’s minimum. Bulgarian employers should start preparation immediately — app.equalpay.bg provides an end-to-end compliance solution.

The overall picture as of 1 June 2026

A week before the deadline the EU position remains deeply uneven, but the past month has brought a marked acceleration. Lithuania adopted its act in May, Italy published a final text on 1 June, and Bulgaria published its own draft. At the same time, most Member States are still at preparatory consultation stage or have no published draft. As of 1 June 2026 the following groups emerge:

3Member States with an adopted act (Slovakia, Lithuania, Italy)
4Member States with partial transposition in force
7Member States with a published draft (incl. Bulgaria)
12Member States with no published draft
1Member State that withdrew its draft (Sweden)
8Member States with gold-plating

Clearest gold-plating signals

Gold-plating arises where a Member State imposes obligations on employers that go beyond the minimum standards set by the Directive. The clearest signals are visible in Lithuania, France, Ireland and Denmark. Partial gold-plating is also visible in Poland, the Netherlands and Italy. Bulgaria now joins this group: although the draft is framed as a minimum implementation, it does not exempt employers with fewer than 50 staff from pay-progression transparency, requires an automatic written justification to the enforcement body where a 5% pay gap is identified, and prefers fixed deadlines over the Directive’s more flexible “reasonable period”. Sweden remains a unique case: after publishing draft legislation in early 2026, the government announced on 26 March 2026 that it opposes the Directive and seeks renegotiation at EU level — the only Member State to have publicly withdrawn from the transposition process.

Country-by-country overview — all 27 Member States

The table below summarises the transposition status and the gold-plating signals for each Member State as of 1 June 2026.

Member StateTransposition statusGold-platingKey points
AustriaNo public draftNot expectedNo publicly reported preparatory work
BelgiumPartial in forceNot expectedRegional public-sector measures; federal private-sector draft pending
BulgariaDraft publishedGold-platingDraft targeting the 7 June 2026 deadline. Framed as a minimum implementation but more onerous: no exemption for employers with fewer than 50 staff from pay-progression transparency; automatic justification to the enforcement body where a 5% gap is found; fixed deadlines; expanded role for the Commission for Protection against Discrimination
CroatiaNo public draftN/AAdvisory planning; spring 2026 activity expected
CyprusDraft publishedNot expectedConsultation draft. Clean transposition; strong enforcement; focus on post-leave pay progression
Czech RepublicPartial in forceNot expectedPay secrecy clauses banned from 1 June 2025; broader draft pending
DenmarkDraft publishedGold-platingConsultation draft (26 February 2026). Reporting extends to 50–99 employees via statistics model. Implementation: 1 January 2027
EstoniaNo public draftN/APreparation work under way
FinlandDraft publishedLimitedGovernment denies any gold-plating intent, but existing equality-plan duties (30+ employees) layer on additional obligations
FranceDraft publishedGold-platingDraft of 6 March 2026. Threshold lowered to 50 employees (vs 100 in Directive). Penalty: up to 1% of payroll
GermanyNo published draftNot expectedThe Federal Cabinet’s review, scheduled for 27 May 2026, did not take place. Now expected in June 2026, with the draft published around 20 June. “Bureaucracy-light” approach; threshold expected at 100 employees
GreeceNo published draftN/AThe Ministry of Labour has developed a draft (not yet published) after a consultation incorporating 65+ social-partner proposals. Thresholds: 250+ annually; 150–249 every three years; 100–149 every three years from 2031. Employers under 50 exempt from pay progression. Unlikely to meet 7 June
HungaryNo public draftN/ANo public draft reported
IrelandDraft publishedGold-platingGeneral Scheme 2024. Pay ranges required in job advertisements (not just before the interview). Website publication obligation beyond Directive
ItalyAct adopted (final text 01.06.2026)MixedFinal text published on 1 June 2026, identical to the recent draft, entering into force on 7 June 2026. Above minimum: pay structure in job ads; internal publication. Narrower: apprenticeships, domestic work, on-call excluded
LatviaNo public draftN/ANo public draft published
LithuaniaAct adopted (May 2026)Gold-plating (broadest)Clearest GP jurisdiction. Split timeline: most requirements from 7 June 2026; until 31 December 2026 to confirm/update pay systems; monthly data submissions to social security (Sodra) and the right to information only from 1 January 2027. No size exemption
LuxembourgNo public draftN/ADraft bill signalled as forthcoming
MaltaPartial in forceNarrower scopeIn force from 27 August 2025. Scope narrower than Directive: disclosure delay allowed; right to information limited to “same work” only
NetherlandsRevised draft publishedLimitedRevised “clean implementation” draft. Exempts employers under 50 from pay progression; stronger works-council involvement, incl. a consent right over pay evaluation. Implementation no later than 1 January 2027. Government concedes the June 2027 reporting deadline will be missed — first report only in June 2028
PolandPartial in forceLimitedRecruitment rules in force from 24 December 2025. Broader draft: 30-day response deadline, fixed 31 March notice date
PortugalNo public draftN/AWorking group and capacity-building under way
RomaniaNo public draftN/ADraft being prepared; expected but not yet published
SlovakiaAct adopted (15.04.2026)Not expected (minor deviations)The most advanced Member State. Government approval December 2025; submitted to parliament January 2026; adopted 15 April 2026. Clean transposition. Earlier reporting deadline
SloveniaNo public draftN/AWorking group preparing legislation
SpainNo public draftN/AExisting pay-register and pay-audit obligations under national law, but no transposition draft
SwedenDraft withdrawnWas gold-platingDraft referral 15 January 2026, reversed on 26 March 2026. Government opposes the Directive; seeks renegotiation. No bill before the Riksdag

See also our dedicated article on Slovakia as the first Member State to transpose the Directive.

Gold-plating — six main types

Gold-plating arises where a Member State imposes obligations on employers that go beyond the Directive’s minimum requirements. A review of the 27 Member States identifies six main types.

1. Scope of application — lowered employer thresholds

The Directive sets a general reporting threshold of 100 employees. France lowers this to 50 employees, materially expanding the number of employers subject to gender pay gap reporting obligations. Denmark achieves a similar effect by routing employers in the 50–99 employee band through its existing statistics-based model. The practical consequence is that mid-sized businesses in those jurisdictions fall within scope years earlier than expected.

2. Pre-employment transparency obligations

Ireland requires pay ranges to be published in job advertisements rather than merely disclosed before the interview, as the Directive would require. Ireland also maintains a website publication obligation that goes beyond the Directive’s framework. Similarly, Italy’s first draft legislative decree requires detailed pay-structure information directly in job advertisements.

3. Universal employer obligations — Lithuania

Lithuania presents the broadest gold-plating across the EU. Its draft would impose mandatory remuneration policies on ALL employers regardless of headcount, introduce monthly pay and working-time reporting through state social security channels, and remove all size-based exemptions for formal gender-neutral pay structures. This materially exceeds every benchmark in the Directive.

4. Procedural deadlines — Poland

Poland illustrates “near-literal transposition plus tougher procedural deadlines”: its broader draft includes a 30-day deadline for right-to-information responses (shorter than the Directive), a fixed 31 March annual notice date, and very tight explanation timelines when trade unions or equality bodies request information.

5. Works-council rights — Netherlands

The Netherlands grants works councils consent rights in areas where the Directive would only require lighter consultation, including a consent right over the pay-evaluation process. This addition exceeds the Directive’s minimum requirements.

6. Automatic justification and an empowered enforcement body — Bulgaria

The Bulgarian draft, although framed as a minimum implementation, introduces several onerous elements. First, employers with fewer than 50 staff are not exempted from pay-progression transparency obligations — unlike the approach in Greece and the Netherlands. Second, where a pay gap of 5% or more is identified, the employer must proactively submit a written justification to the enforcement body, rather than merely keep it available on request. Third, the draft prefers fixed deadlines over the Directive’s more flexible “reasonable period”. Fourth, the role of the Commission for Protection against Discrimination is significantly expanded — from a reactive complaints body into one with proactive monitoring and oversight functions.

Special case: Sweden

Sweden stands apart from all other Member States. After the government published a legislative referral on 15 January 2026 proposing amendments to the Discrimination Act with a proposed entry into force of 1 July 2026, on 26 March 2026 it reversed course. The Swedish government announced that it:

  • Considers the Directive too administratively burdensome;
  • Wishes to postpone the implementation deadline;
  • Seeks renegotiation at EU level;
  • Does not currently intend to submit a transposition bill to the Riksdag.

This is a remarkable reversal: the early drafts published in 2025 were themselves examples of gold-plating, since they would have retained the existing national obligation to conduct pay surveys for all employers alongside the new Directive-based reporting layer.

Implications for multinationals: if you have a Swedish subsidiary, the existing national rules continue to apply (including pay-audit obligations), but the new Directive requirements will not be transposed nationally for the foreseeable future. At group level, however, you should still build for compliance with the directly effective minimum standards of the Directive.

Implications for Bulgaria — employers ahead of 7 June 2026

Status: a published draft, targeting the 7 June 2026 deadline

As of 1 June 2026 Bulgaria is no longer among the Member States without a draft. A transposition draft has been published, targeting the 7 June 2026 deadline. This is a material change from the preceding weeks, when the country sat among the 13 Member States without a published text. During EU negotiations the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy opposed extending the scope to small and medium-sized enterprises, yet the published draft in fact does not exempt smaller employers from part of the transparency obligations.

What the Bulgarian draft provides

The draft is presented as a minimum implementation of the Directive, but in several respects it is more onerous than that minimum. The reporting thresholds and the phased timetable broadly follow the Directive, but a number of notable features have been added:

  1. No relief for smaller employers — employers with fewer than 50 staff are not exempted from pay-progression transparency obligations;
  2. Proactive justification at a 5% gap — where a pay gap of 5% or more is identified, the employer must itself submit a written justification to the enforcement body, rather than merely keep it available;
  3. Fixed deadlines — the draft prefers precise time limits over the Directive’s more flexible “reasonable period”;
  4. An empowered Commission for Protection against Discrimination — from a reactive complaints body into one with proactive monitoring and oversight functions.

Important: the draft is subject to public consultation and parliamentary scrutiny, so some provisions may change before adoption. Even if there is a formal delay beyond 7 June 2026, the directly effective provisions of the Directive may be invoked by employees before national courts, and the European Commission may commence infringement proceedings under Art. 258 TFEU. Preparation should therefore begin regardless of the exact adoption date.

What Bulgarian employers should do now

The substantive requirements of the Directive are now clear, and the national draft confirms the direction of travel. Employers should begin preparation immediately:

  • Hiring transparency — disclosure of starting salary or its range in the advert or before the interview;
  • Ban on questions regarding the candidate’s prior pay;
  • Gender-neutral language in adverts and job descriptions;
  • Right to information for employees — average pay disaggregated by sex within the relevant job category;
  • Ban on confidentiality clauses on pay where the employee is exercising the right to equal pay;
  • Reporting preparation for employers with 150+ employees (first report due 7 June 2027);
  • Joint pay assessment where a 5%+ pay gap is identified and not justified or remedied within 6 months.

Strategy for multinational groups operating across several Member States

The uneven European landscape creates a serious challenge for employers operating across several jurisdictions. The transpositions diverge across a number of key parameters:

Divergence across key parameters

ParameterDirectiveSpecific deviations
Reporting threshold100 employeesFrance: 50; Denmark: 50–99 via statistics model; Lithuania: all employers
Pay range disclosure on hiringBefore interviewIreland and Italy: mandatory in the job advertisement
Information request response windowNo fixed periodPoland: 30 days; Slovakia: 2 months; Italy: 30 days
Joint pay assessment timelineNo fixed periodSlovakia: 2 months from when the obligation arises
Annual reporting filing dateNo fixed dateSlovakia: 15 April; Czech Republic (proposed): 30 April; Latvia (proposed): 1 June; Poland: 31 March
First reporting periodFull calendar yearSlovakia: 1 August – 31 December 2026 (abbreviated)
Sanctions“Effective, proportionate, dissuasive”Slovakia: €4,000–8,000 + up to €100,000 by Labour Inspectorate; France: up to 1% of payroll

Recommended approach

  1. Group mapping — produce an inventory of subsidiaries by country with the current transposition status;
  2. Highest-bar analysis — in areas with at least one “heavy” jurisdiction (Lithuania, France, Ireland), centralise policies on the strictest standard;
  3. Phased implementation — start with hiring transparency (universal across all Member States); proceed to job classification; finish with reporting;
  4. Centralised platform — managing diverging deadlines, formats and requirements across hundreds of employees in more than one market requires dedicated software. app.equalpay.bg was built for this purpose;
  5. Track infringement proceedings — missed 7 June 2026 deadlines across multiple Member States will accelerate legislative activity in the second half of 2026.

EqualPay.bg — Innovires Legal’s ready-to-use platform for compliance across all 27 Member States

Innovires Legal has developed a dedicated solution covering both the Bulgarian context and the cross-border nuances of the Directive. The platform consists of two layers:

EqualPay.bg — information and expert layer

www.equalpay.bg is a dedicated resource maintained with up-to-date content on:

  • Transposition status across all 27 EU Member States, refreshed with every new development;
  • Comparisons across the key parameters (threshold, deadlines, sanctions, gold-plating);
  • Ready-to-use policy templates for equal pay, adapted to the Bulgarian and to the international context;
  • Expert briefings from Innovires Legal lawyers on every new development (act, draft, CJEU ruling);
  • Training materials for HR teams and line managers.

app.equalpay.bg — operational compliance platform

app.equalpay.bg is the software handling the operational side of the Directive, including for multinational groups:

  • Pay audit — import current data, compare by sex and job category, identify unjustified gaps above 5%;
  • Job classification — complexity, strenuousness, responsibility and working conditions, with soft-skills support;
  • Multi-jurisdiction templates — ready configurations for the requirements of Slovakia, France, Ireland, Lithuania and others for groups operating across several countries;
  • Information request management with automatic deadline tracking across countries (30 days in Poland, 2 months in Slovakia etc.);
  • Report preparation aligned with the expected Bulgarian format and the format of other Member States;
  • Joint pay assessment — a guided module that runs the process when a 5%+ gap is identified;
  • Multilingual interface — Bulgarian, English and others, suitable for multinationals operating in Bulgaria.

See also our companion articles: Directive 2023/970 — overview, job advert transparency, pay gap reporting, sanctions for breaches.

Outlook — what to expect ahead of 7 June 2026 and beyond

The pace of legislative activity is set to remain high around the deadline. Based on current signals:

  • Germany is expected to publish a draft around 20 June 2026, after the Federal Cabinet’s review slipped from 27 May to June; Greece is about to publish its already-developed draft; Spain, Romania and Belgium (private sector) are also expected to bring forward texts;
  • Several Member States will adopt texts on or around the deadline, but without full legislative enactment, likely relying on interim measures or secondary legislation;
  • Gold-plating will be a feature in at least 7–8 Member States; the practice is most concentrated in pre-employment transparency and employer headcount thresholds;
  • Several Member States (including Greece and likely Germany) will face infringement proceedings for incomplete or delayed transposition; Bulgaria has published a draft, but final adoption by 7 June remains uncertain;
  • The interaction between the Pay Transparency Directive and existing national pay-audit and gender pay gap reporting frameworks (Finland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden) will require careful legal analysis for multinationals;
  • CJEU rulings are expected in mid-2027 on the first preliminary references already received from national courts.

Get ready with Innovires Legal + EqualPay.bg

Whether you operate only in Bulgaria or you run a group with dozens of EU subsidiaries, implementing the Directive is a question of when, not if. Innovires Legal offers a combined product — legal expertise for the Bulgarian context and for compliance with the other 26 Member States, plus the ready-to-use platform app.equalpay.bg for the operational delivery. For employers with 150+ employees we recommend a pay audit as early as May 2026; for smaller employers — hiring-transparency and on-request information policies. Reach out for a free 30-minute consultation — we will assess your readiness and produce a personalised compliance roadmap.

Frequently asked questions

How many Member States have transposed the Directive as of 1 June 2026?
None has yet brought full nationwide transposition into force. Three Member States have adopted an act (Slovakia, Lithuania and Italy — the latter with a final text entering into force on 7 June 2026); four have partial transposition in force (Belgium, Czech Republic, Malta, Poland); seven have a published draft, including Bulgaria; twelve still have no published draft; Sweden withdrew its draft.
What is gold-plating?
Gold-plating arises where a national legislator imposes obligations on employers that go beyond the minimum standards of the Directive. As of 1 June 2026 it is confirmed or signalled in 8 Member States: Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands and Poland. Lithuania presents the broadest gold-plating (obligations on all employers regardless of headcount), while the Bulgarian draft introduces a proactive justification to the enforcement body at a 5% gap and an expanded role for the Commission for Protection against Discrimination.
Is there already a Bulgarian transposition draft?
Yes. As of 1 June 2026 Bulgaria has published a draft, targeting the 7 June 2026 deadline. It is framed as a minimum implementation, but in several respects it is more onerous than the Directive’s minimum: it does not exempt employers with fewer than 50 staff from pay progression, requires a proactive justification to the enforcement body at a 5% gap, prefers fixed deadlines and expands the role of the Commission for Protection against Discrimination. The draft is subject to public consultation and parliamentary scrutiny, so some provisions may change.
Are there consequences if Bulgaria fails to adopt the law on time?
Yes. Even though a draft has been published, it must still be adopted and promulgated as law. If that does not happen by 7 June 2026, the Commission may commence infringement proceedings under Art. 258 TFEU, leading to potential financial sanctions following a CJEU ruling. Directly effective provisions of the Directive (notably employee rights) may also be invoked before national courts, and multinationals operating in Bulgaria will rely on group-level policies without full local statutory certainty.
Why did Sweden withdraw its draft?
On 26 March 2026 the Swedish government announced that the Directive is too administratively burdensome, sought postponement of the deadline and renegotiation at EU level. It does not currently intend to submit a transposition bill to the Riksdag. This is the only Member State to have publicly withdrawn from the transposition process.
What is the difference between Lithuania and Slovakia?
Lithuania exhibits gold-plating — obligations on all employers regardless of headcount, including monthly pay reporting through social security. Slovakia is a clean transposition with minor deviations (such as an abbreviated first reporting period). The Lithuanian model is materially more burdensome for employers.
What should multinational groups do?
Multinationals should: (1) map status across the countries in which they operate; (2) centralise policies on the strictest standard; (3) use a centralised platform (app.equalpay.bg) to manage diverging deadlines; (4) track infringement proceedings for missed deadlines; (5) prepare for CJEU rulings expected in mid-2027.
When will app.equalpay.bg support the other Member States?
The platform already supports configurations for Slovakia (adopted), Lithuania, France and Ireland (gold-plating jurisdictions) and the baseline Directive model for the remaining Member States. As new drafts and adopted laws are published, configurations are updated automatically. The multilingual interface enables use by multinationals operating in Bulgaria.